The implementation of efficient sample preparation protocols, separation techniques such as liquid chromatography, GC and capillary electrophoresis, as well as detection techniques such as ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence or MS are critical to succeed in the quality of the results. Analytical methods for qualitative and/or quantitative determination of these compounds are assessed. This review is focused on VOO antioxidant profile and, particularly, on hydrophilic phenols that are divided into different sub-families such as phenolic acids and alcohols, hydroxy-isochromans, flavonoids, secoiridoids, lignans and pigments. While lipophilic phenols such as tocopherols can be found in other vegetable oils, most hydrophilic phenols in olive oil are exclusive of the Olea europaea species endowing it with a chemotaxonomic interest. The main antioxidants are phenolic compounds, which can be divided into lipophilic and hydrophilic phenols. These beneficial traits stand from a prominent and well-balanced chemical composition, which is a blend of major (98 % of total oil weight) and minor compounds including antioxidants. Virgin olive oil (VOO) consumption is increasing all over the world due to its excellent organoleptic and nutraceutical properties. ![]() These data suggest that the Limulus assay may underestimate exposure to certain types of Apartments had significantly different types of LPS (P 0.03) compared with single-family homes in study 2. Bed dust contained the largest amounts of long-chain 3-OHFAs, the highest concentrations of LPS, and the lowest specific activities. Kitchen dust contained the highest concen-trations of 3-OH C10:0, the highest endotoxin activities, and the highest specific activities (P < 0.03). In study 2, 3-OH C16:0 was negatively correlated and 3-OH C18:0 was not correlated with endotoxin activity, consistent with previous findings that the Limulus assay responds preferentially to LPS containing short-chain 3-OHFAs. Endotoxin activity was positively correlated with short-chain 3-OHFAs in both studies. Longer-chain (C16:0 and C18:0) 3-OHFAs were predominant in HD compared with short-chain (C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0) acids. We also measured endotoxin activity with a Limulus assay and computed specific activity (endotoxin activity per nanomole of LPS). ![]() ![]() Dust from beds, bedroom floors, family rooms, and kitchen floors was collected as part of a birth cohort study of childhood asthma (study 1) and a longitudinal study of home allergen and endotoxin (study 2). To characterize the 3-OHFAs in house dust (HD), we used gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry to assay 190 HD samples. The 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play an important role in determining endotoxin activity, and childhood exposure to endotoxin has recently been associated with reduced risk of atopic diseases.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |